Joseph married Princess Isabella of Parma in October 1760, a union fashioned to bolster the 1756 defensive pact between France and Austria. Marriages and children The arrival of Isabella of Parma on the occasion of her wedding to Joseph II, 1760 (painting by Martin van Meytens) His practical training was conferred by government officials, who were directed to instruct him in the mechanical details of the administration of the numerous states composing the Austrian dominions and the Holy Roman Empire. His formal education was provided through the writings of David Hume, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Encyclopédistes, and by the example of his contemporary (and sometimes rival) King Frederick II of Prussia. Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. He died with no surviving children and was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II. He was a supporter of the arts, and most importantly of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. His policies are now known as Josephinism. False but influential letters depict him as a somewhat more radical philosophe than he probably was. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. Members from this site want to exchange it: filpolis, Nede, despot76, Sneijder, alyn2000, K1Berlin, 1111oink, keork, bartbrits, kto, Andrej-Oslo, J-J.Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. Since some users own several versions, the sum may be greater than 100%. Numista does not buy or sell coins or banknotes.įrequencies show the percentage of Numista users who own each year or variety among all the users who own this coin. They serve as an indication only they are not intended to be relied upon for buying, selling or exchanging. They are based on evaluations by Numista users and sales realized on Internet platforms. Values in the table above are expressed in UAH. Please sign in or create an account to manage your collection. Brzić published in the American Journal of Numismatics (1989-), Vol. Learn more about Yugoslavian countermarks on foreign coins : YUGOSLAV COUNTERMARKS ON AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN GOLD COINS by Aleksandar N. Brzić are:Įx VL Nummus E-live auction 11 Lot 654 © Kettti Some known countermarked dates according to Aleksandar N. It is widely understood that the various states further marked their bullion supply with small countermarks (a sword for Bosnia, a crown for Bulgaria, a grain ear for Serbia and an eagle for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes), but those marks are just a designation of a verified fineness of the gold and not "intended to refer to a geographic area". In the early 20th century, Balkan countries used Austrian ducat coins as bullion reserves. Mintage is as follow, but the year can't be distinguished: The ducat with date 1915 is still officially minted by the Austrian mint. © Walter_Scott Mint Münze Österreich, Vienna, Austria (1194-date) King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Illyria, Archduke of Austria. Lettering: HUNGAR BOHEM GAL LOD ILL REX A A 1915 Lettering: FRANC IOS I D G AUSTRIAE IMPERATORįranz Joseph I, by the grace of God, Austrian EmperorĪrms of Austria superimposed upon a crowned double-headed Imperial eagle. Laureate head of Franz Joseph, facing right,with thick whiskers.
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